眾所周知，閱讀是考研英語中最重要的一個題型，四篇閱讀理解占到了該科目總分的40%，因此才有了“得閱讀者得天下”的說法。本文分享“2019考研英語閱讀：三正一誤的判斷、推理和引申題”相關內容，一起來看看吧。
三正一誤
三正一誤題型要求考生判斷哪一個選項與文章不符。檢驗答案時有兩種方式，一是正確選項所給的信息在文中根本沒有提到過，二是正確選項所給信息與文中其他內容相互沖突。
1996年第56題：
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listening to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broken, don't fix it.” The BBC “ain’t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels—TV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?
[A] Extension of its TV service to Far East.
[B] Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.
[C] Potentials for further international co- operations.
[D] Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
下列哪一項BBC沒有作為一個關鍵問題提及?
這是一個標準的三正一誤推理引申題。正確答案：C。
由歷年考研英語真題可知，閱讀理解部分的試題中，大多數是針對段落的細節設計的，其目的是為了測試考生對組成段落的主體部分的理解。在每年的考試中，細節題的數量是最多的，大約占50%，其中涉及對文章中復雜句、列舉、例證、引用、轉折、因果關系等的處理，因此做好這類題至關重要。
另外，細節題的測試在另一方面也可以考察考生對段落結構的理解程度，哪些是輔助論點，哪些是主要脈絡，只有對這些細節有一定的了解，我們才能更深入地領會文 章。文章的細節并不是孤立的，它總要與其他事實前后呼應，一般來說，作者總會把同等性質的事實放在一起，并借助不同的銜接手段進行組合，從而達到說服讀者 或闡明觀點的目的。其提問方式不外乎有以下幾種：
The author provides following examples except …
According to the author, all of the following are true except (that)____.
Which is among the best possible ways to…?
Which of the following would NOT be an example____?
Which of the following is the LEAST likely…?
對于細節題我們要從詞義與語法(句法)著手，從這個角度來說，此類考題又可被細劃分以下幾個細類：
1. 因果標志語
表因果關系的標志詞可具體分為：
(1)表原因
because of, since, for, as, now that, seeing that, owing to, caused by, the main reason for…is
(2)表結果
hence, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, for that reason
2. 結論標志語
in general, generally speaking, in short, in a word, to be brief in all, in simple words
3. 轉折與對比語
but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, dissimilarly, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, in opposition to, on the opposite side
4. 比較類型標記語
similarly, likewise, in similar fashion, in similar way, in the same matter, just as
5. 列舉標志語
one… another…still another, first…second…third
6. 舉例標志語
for example, as an example, as an instance, take…as an example, let me cite… as a proof
